Human Body
Introducing
Built on a framework of bones, which are stronger than steel, is the most complicated of all machines –your body.
It can breathe, smell, and taste. It can feel, talk, and walk. It eats, drinks, and thinks. It can even mend itself when it is damaged.
The brain is in charge, controlling all your body’s systems. These work together throughout your life. As you grow up, your body will go through lots of changes, but if you look after your amazing body machine, it should last you for a long time.
Body Systems
The Human body is made up of different systems, such as the nervous system and skeleton. While each system has its own special job, it works with other systems to keep the body alive and in perfect working order. Each system is a collection of organs. Each organ, such as the brain or stomach, has its own special job.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
All the body’s movements, such as running and jumping, are produced by muscles. Most muscles work by pulling the bones of the skeleton to which they are attached
AMAZING FACTS
Laid end to end , your blood vessels would reach a quarter of the way from the earth to the moon.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The heart, blood, and a network of blood vessels make up the circulatory system. Pumped along by the heart, blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body and takes away waste products.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
All The body’s activities, including walking, seeing, thinking, and speaking, are controlled by the nervous system. The brain is in charge of the nervous system. It receives messages and sends out instructions along the spinal cord and the network of nerves.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The body needs energy to stay alive. Energy is released from food by combining it with oxygen. The respiratory system supplies the body with oxygen. When a breath is taken in through the nose or mouth, air containing oxygen is carried along the windpipe and into the lungs
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Everything you eat and drink is broken down by the digestive system into simple substances called nutrients. These are carried by the blood to all parts of the body and used to give you energy and make you grow.
The Skeleton
The adult skeleton is made up of 206 bones. It provides a strong, but light, framework that supports the body. Where bones meet, at joints, they move when pulled b
y muscles. This gives the body a wide rang of movements. The skeleton also protects important parts of the body. The ribs shield the lungs and heart, and the skull protects the brain.
LITTLE AND LARGE
Bones come in many shapes and sizes. The strong, long bones in the legs enable the body to run and jump. The smaller bones in the hands help with tasks such as picking up and gripping things.
INSIDE A BONE
The outer layer of a bone is made of a very hard material called compact bone. Inside is lighter spongy bone. Together they make the bone very strong but light. The spaces inside spongy bone contain red bone marrow. This makes millions of new blood cells every minute.
AMAZING FACTS
The leg has only 4 bones: the foot has 26.
Living bone is six times stronger than a steel bar of the same weight.
JOINTS
Bones meet at joints. A few joints are stationary, but most are movable. An oily liquid, called synovial fluid, lies between the bones in a joint. This keeps the joint moving smoothly. Strong cords called ligaments hold the joint together.
STRONG SUPPORT
The backbone in babies is made up of 33 bones, called vertebrae. In adults, some join together so there are 24 vertebrae. The delicate spinal cord, which links the brain and nerves, lies protected inside the backbone
Introducing
Built on a framework of bones, which are stronger than steel, is the most complicated of all machines –your body.
It can breathe, smell, and taste. It can feel, talk, and walk. It eats, drinks, and thinks. It can even mend itself when it is damaged.
The brain is in charge, controlling all your body’s systems. These work together throughout your life. As you grow up, your body will go through lots of changes, but if you look after your amazing body machine, it should last you for a long time.
Body Systems
The Human body is made up of different systems, such as the nervous system and skeleton. While each system has its own special job, it works with other systems to keep the body alive and in perfect working order. Each system is a collection of organs. Each organ, such as the brain or stomach, has its own special job.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
All the body’s movements, such as running and jumping, are produced by muscles. Most muscles work by pulling the bones of the skeleton to which they are attached
AMAZING FACTS
Laid end to end , your blood vessels would reach a quarter of the way from the earth to the moon.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The heart, blood, and a network of blood vessels make up the circulatory system. Pumped along by the heart, blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body and takes away waste products.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
All The body’s activities, including walking, seeing, thinking, and speaking, are controlled by the nervous system. The brain is in charge of the nervous system. It receives messages and sends out instructions along the spinal cord and the network of nerves.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The body needs energy to stay alive. Energy is released from food by combining it with oxygen. The respiratory system supplies the body with oxygen. When a breath is taken in through the nose or mouth, air containing oxygen is carried along the windpipe and into the lungs
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Everything you eat and drink is broken down by the digestive system into simple substances called nutrients. These are carried by the blood to all parts of the body and used to give you energy and make you grow.
The Skeleton
The adult skeleton is made up of 206 bones. It provides a strong, but light, framework that supports the body. Where bones meet, at joints, they move when pulled b
y muscles. This gives the body a wide rang of movements. The skeleton also protects important parts of the body. The ribs shield the lungs and heart, and the skull protects the brain.LITTLE AND LARGE
Bones come in many shapes and sizes. The strong, long bones in the legs enable the body to run and jump. The smaller bones in the hands help with tasks such as picking up and gripping things.
INSIDE A BONE
The outer layer of a bone is made of a very hard material called compact bone. Inside is lighter spongy bone. Together they make the bone very strong but light. The spaces inside spongy bone contain red bone marrow. This makes millions of new blood cells every minute.
AMAZING FACTS
The leg has only 4 bones: the foot has 26.
Living bone is six times stronger than a steel bar of the same weight.
JOINTS
Bones meet at joints. A few joints are stationary, but most are movable. An oily liquid, called synovial fluid, lies between the bones in a joint. This keeps the joint moving smoothly. Strong cords called ligaments hold the joint together.
STRONG SUPPORT
The backbone in babies is made up of 33 bones, called vertebrae. In adults, some join together so there are 24 vertebrae. The delicate spinal cord, which links the brain and nerves, lies protected inside the backbone
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